I needed to be able to access a pdf outside my document root… so I created the script below. Using just file_get_contents with an echo would just save it as the name of the script, using an $output_file variable and in the header you are able to specify what you want to save it as.

<?php
$output_file = 'outfilename.pdf';
$file = "target.pdf";
$fileDir = '../target/directory/';
$contents = file_get_contents($fileDir.$file);
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=" . $output_file);
header('Content-type: application/pdf');
echo $contents;
exit();
?>